TiO2 nanoparticle interactions with supported lipid membranes – an example of removal of membrane patches

MATERIALS AND METHODS Combined QCM-D and reflectometry measurements. Combined QCM-D and reflectometry measurements were performed in flow mode using a prototype instrument.1 Gold-coated QCM-D sensor crystals (Q-Sense AB, Sweden) were modified to meet the requirement for sensitive reflectometry measurements by deposition of a 100 nm layer of Ti followed by a 110 nm layer of SiO2 onto the sensor surface. Prior to the experiment, the crystals were cleaned as for ordinary QCM-D measurements, and the experiments were performed similarly. The detection of mass adsorbed to the sensor surface in optical reflectometry is based on changes in the reflectivity of a solid surface when material adsorbs to